轉(zhuǎn)型經(jīng)濟(jì)中新興組織場域的制度創(chuàng)業(yè)研究——以中國VC/PE行業(yè)為例

摘要： 基于組織分析的新制度主義觀點(diǎn),本文重點(diǎn)探討了制度創(chuàng)業(yè)作用于轉(zhuǎn)型經(jīng)濟(jì)體內(nèi)新興組織場域發(fā)展的機(jī)理,并以中國風(fēng)險投資/私募股權(quán)投資(VC/PE)行業(yè)為案例研究載體,深入解析了轉(zhuǎn)型經(jīng)濟(jì)下新興組織場域制度創(chuàng)業(yè)的演變過程,并對每個階段制度創(chuàng)業(yè)的動因及制度創(chuàng)業(yè)者的作用進(jìn)行了分析。分析得出:①整個場域制度創(chuàng)業(yè)的過程也是合法性獲取與確立的過程,政府自始至終發(fā)揮著重要作用,國有、民營與外資創(chuàng)業(yè)投資在場域發(fā)展不同階段呈現(xiàn)出不同功能。②與西方成熟經(jīng)濟(jì)下的組織場域不同,轉(zhuǎn)型經(jīng)濟(jì)體中新興組織場域的形成一開始就受到了計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的影響,并在舊有體制與新興市場經(jīng)濟(jì)需求的制度矛盾與主體利益雙重推動下不斷完善。③轉(zhuǎn)型經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下新興組織場域的建立具有一定的循環(huán)往復(fù)特征,呈現(xiàn)出"沉淀不穩(wěn)與去制度化—前制度化—理論化—前制度化—理論化—擴(kuò)散化"的過程。本文在實踐層面的意義主要體現(xiàn)在對于轉(zhuǎn)型經(jīng)濟(jì)體其他新興組織場域比如戰(zhàn)略新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的培育與發(fā)展上。
Drawing form the new institutionalism,this paper is positioned to investigate how institutional entrepreneurship contribute the formation and development of an emerging organizational field.Based on the analysis of the key players,process,and underlying mechanisms of institutional entrepreneurship,this paper takes the VC/ PE sector as the focal field and,by employing rigorous case method,examines the evolution dynamics of this emerging organizational field.We conclude that: ①The evolutionary process of organizational field by itself is the process of gaining legitimacy,and in the Chinese context the government plays a crucial role while other actors such as state-owned,privately-owned,and foreign-owned VC/PE investors function differently across various stages;② The formation and development of emerging field in transition economies are heavily influenced by the institutional residuals;and ③ The development of emerging field in transition economies is complex and highly volatile and undergoes the process of deinstitutionalization—preinstitutionalization—theorization—preinstitutionalization— theorization—diffusion.Practical implications and contribution are discussed.