前交叉韌帶損傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素研究進(jìn)展

摘要： <正>前交叉韌帶(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)對(duì)于保持膝關(guān)節(jié)靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)穩(wěn)定性非常重要。在運(yùn)動(dòng)中前交叉韌帶通常因?yàn)橄ネ庹购屯夥惶?、突然加速、變向、旋轉(zhuǎn)等非接觸機(jī)制造成損傷?？煽仫L(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素和非可控風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素使運(yùn)動(dòng)員處于前交叉韌帶損
With the extensive development of competitive sports,especially soccer,etc,the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) injury shows an increasing trend.The ACL injury causes associated consequences such as knee recurrent injury,pain,limitation of motion,knee instability,secondary osteoarthritis and so on.Therefore, the research on the risk factors of ACL injury has becoming the hotspot gradually.Multiple risk factors contribute to ACL injury,including uncontrollable risk factors such as anatomical risk factors,genetic risk factors,etc,and controllable risk factors such as environmental risk factors,hormonal risk factors,neuromuscular risk factors, biomechanical risk factors,etc.The recent literature is reviewed.The potential intervention capability of preventing non-contact ACL injury through modification of uncontrollable risk factors such as anatomical risk factors,genetic risk factors,etc,is limited.And therefore,when researching on risk factors for ACL injury,the controllable risk factors such as hormonal risk factors,neuromuscular risk factors,biomechanical risk factors,etc,are mainly focused,through making the mechanism of action of ACL injury caused by controllable risk factors clear,so as to explore the preventive measures,and further to reduce the risk.There are broad prospects and practical value for the study of hormonal factors and biomechanical factors,and such research will be the focus in the next step.At present,the research on the controllable risk factors is mostly done by foreign professors,and is rarely done in China,where the anatomical risk factors are mainly focused.Currently,that all the risk factors are interrelated is the difficulty and limitation for the research on multiple risk factors for ACL injury.Because it is difficult to control other confounding risk factors when a single risk factor is being studied,the research results are not convincing.In conclusion,the comprehensive study on the multiple risk factors will be the future research area,and further to evaluate the risk of ACL injury.