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一、簡介環(huán)境 .NET5,Consul_v1.10.2
在微服務中利用Consul可以實現(xiàn)服務的注冊,服務發(fā)現(xiàn),治理,健康檢查等。?
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Web調(diào)站點需要調(diào)用多個服務,如果沒有Consul,可能就是Web中存了全部服務的ip地址,如果其中一個服務更換了地址,web也要跟著修改配置,所以加入了Consul,web直接通過Consul就能一直取到各個服務的最新的地址了。
二、Consul搭建這里使用Docker安裝 ,確保安裝了Docker,執(zhí)行下面命令。
docker run -d -p 8500:8500 --restart=always --name=consul consul:latest agent -server -bootstrap -ui -node=1 -client='0.0.0.0'
如果是windows環(huán)境,到官網(wǎng)??https://www.consul.io?? 下載exe文件。然后cmd命令切換到consul.exe目錄,執(zhí)行consul.exe agent -dev?即可啟動。
安裝完,訪問http:ip:8500,看到如下界面則安裝成功。
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三、服務注冊安裝NuGet包 --Consul
appsettings.json增加Consul信息
{
"Logging": {
"LogLevel": {
"Default": "Information",
"Microsoft": "Warning",
"Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime": "Information"
}
},
"AllowedHosts": "*",
"urls": "http://*:5200",
"Consul": {
"consulAddress": "http://172.16.2.84:8500",
"serviceName": "api",
"currentIp": "172.16.2.9",
"currentPort": "5200"
}
}
增加ConsulRegister.cs
/// <summary>
/// Consul注冊
/// </summary>
public static class ConsulRegister
{
//服務注冊
public static IApplicationBuilder UseConsul(this IApplicationBuilder app, IConfiguration configuration)
{
// 獲取主機生命周期管理接口
var lifetime = app.ApplicationServices.GetRequiredService<IHostApplicationLifetime>();
ConsulClient client = new ConsulClient(c =>
{
c.Address = new Uri(configuration["Consul:consulAddress"]);
c.Datacenter = "dc1";
});
string ip = configuration["ip"];
string port = configuration["port"];
string currentIp = configuration["Consul:currentIP"];
string currentPort = configuration["Consul:currentPort"];
ip = string.IsNullOrEmpty(ip) ? currentIp : ip; //當前程序的IP
port = string.IsNullOrEmpty(port) ? currentPort : port; //當前程序的端口
string serviceId = $"service:{ip}:{port}";//服務ID,一個服務是唯一的
//服務注冊
client.Agent.ServiceRegister(new AgentServiceRegistration()
{
ID = serviceId, //唯一的
Name = configuration["Consul:serviceName"], //組名稱-Group
Address = ip, //ip地址
Port = int.Parse(port), //端口
Tags = new string[] { "api站點" },
Check = new AgentServiceCheck()
{
Interval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10),//多久檢查一次心跳
HTTP = $"http://{ip}:{port}/Health/Index",
Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5),//超時時間
DeregisterCriticalServiceAfter = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5) //服務停止多久后注銷服務
}
}).Wait();
//應用程序終止時,注銷服務
lifetime.ApplicationStopping.Register(() =>
{
client.Agent.ServiceDeregister(serviceId).Wait();
});
return app;
}
}
在Startup.cs中?Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)方法后面加上? app.UseConsul(Configuration);
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
else
{
app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
// The default HSTS value is 30 days. You may want to change this for production scenarios, see https://aka.ms/aspnetcore-hsts.
app.UseHsts();
}
app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseRouting();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
{
endpoints.MapControllerRoute(
name: "default",
pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
});
//Consul注冊
app.UseConsul(Configuration);
}
增加健康檢查接口
上面Consul注冊處有一個Check? Http的是心跳健康檢查的地址,需要提供一個接口。
新建HealthController.cs
/// <summary>
/// consul健康檢查
/// </summary>
public class HealthController : Controller
{
public IActionResult Index()
{
return Ok();
}
}
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這樣就配置好了,啟動項目時就會把服務注冊到Consul,我這里用發(fā)布文件同時啟動三個做負載。
dotnet ConsulAndOcelot.Demo.ServerB.dll --urls="http://*5201" --ip="172.16.2.9" --port=5201
dotnet ConsulAndOcelot.Demo.ServerB.dll --urls="http://*5202" --ip="172.16.2.9" --port=5202
dotnet ConsulAndOcelot.Demo.ServerB.dll --urls="http://*5203" --ip="172.16.2.9" --port=5203
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啟動后,再看一下Consul界面,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)服務已成功注冊到Consul。
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四、服務發(fā)現(xiàn)另外建一個.NetCore程序。
安裝Nuget包 --Consul
appsettings.json?配置Consul信息
{
"Logging": {
"LogLevel": {
"Default": "Information",
"Microsoft": "Warning",
"Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime": "Information"
}
},
"AllowedHosts": "*",
"Consul": {
"consulAddress": "http://172.16.2.84:8500",
"serviceName": "platform",
"apiServiceName": "api"
}
}
新建ConsulHelper.cs類
/// <summary>
/// Consul幫助類
/// </summary>
public class ConsulHelper
{
private IConfiguration _configuration;
public ConsulHelper(IConfiguration configuration)
{
_configuration = configuration;
}
/// <summary>
/// 根據(jù)服務名稱獲取服務地址
/// </summary>
/// <param name="serviceName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string GetDomainByServiceName(string serviceName)
{
string domain = string.Empty;
//Consul客戶端
using (ConsulClient client = new ConsulClient(c =>
{
c.Address = new Uri(_configuration["Consul:consulAddress"]);
c.Datacenter = "dc1";
})
)
{
//根據(jù)服務名獲取健康的服務
var queryResult = client.Health.Service(serviceName, string.Empty, true);
var len = queryResult.Result.Response.Length;
//平均策略-多個負載中隨機獲取一個
var node = queryResult.Result.Response[new Random().Next(len)];
domain = $"http://{node.Service.Address}:{node.Service.Port}";
}
return domain;
}
/// <summary>
/// 獲取api域名
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public string GetApiDomain()
{
return GetDomainByServiceName(_configuration["Consul:apiServiceName"]);
}
}
把ConsulHelper注入到IOC容器,Startup.cs中。ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)方法加上
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddControllersWithViews();
services.AddTransient<ConsulHelper>();
}
驗證
public class HomeController : Controller
{
private readonly ILogger<HomeController> _logger;
private readonly ConsulHelper _consulHelper;
public HomeController(ILogger<HomeController> logger, ConsulHelper consulHelper)
{
_logger = logger;
_consulHelper = consulHelper;
}
public IActionResult Index()
{
///獲取api服務地址
var domain = _consulHelper.GetApiDomain();
ViewBag.domain = domain;
return View();
}
}
執(zhí)行結(jié)果,通過Consul獲得了服務地址,刷新后會隨獲取到三個負載中的一個。
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Consul只負責服務發(fā)現(xiàn),沒有自帶負載均衡策略。用上面的平均策略就可以了,如果想要做成輪詢策略的也可以,不過會增加一些開銷,可以給每組服務定義一個
靜態(tài)自增變量index=0,然后獲取的時候,index%服務數(shù)取余,然后index++,這樣就是0%3=0,1%3=1,2%3=2,3%3=0一直循環(huán),獲取List[index]服務,index>10000的時候重置為0,這樣就能循環(huán)的調(diào)用了。Conul后面配合Ocelot網(wǎng)關(guān)使用,Ocelot中會自帶幾種負載策略。
源碼地址:??https://github.com/weixiaolong325/Ocelot-Consul-Polly-Id4.Demo??
本文摘自 :https://blog.51cto.com/u