The transfer of oxygen to the cell during fermenter aeration involves oxygen transfer from air bubbles into solution,transfer of oxygen through the medium to the microbial cell and finally uptake of oxygen by the cell. Oxygen transfer from air bubbles int...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    The ion-exchange chromatography is a more predictable extraction and concentration method than absorption chromatography,provided the required product is capable of reacting with an appropriate ion-exchange resin,Many types of anionic and cationic resins ...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Gel filtration and affinity chromatography are useful laboratory methods which have not so far been applied to large scale production.However,there are many examples of low-volumn high-value products which justify the use of these expensive and labourinte...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    The products of fermentation processes include gases,extracellular soluble molecules secreted into the fermentation broth and solid including cells containing intracellular soluble or insoluble molecules. Gases such as carbon dioxide and methane,produced ...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Wastes occur in all three states,i. e. solids,liquids and gases,They are derived from three primary sources:urban,agriculture,and industry. By weight and volume solid wastes,i. e. urban refuse,crops and food processing wastes,and manures,are the most sign...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Vinegar,the aqueous solution of acetic acid,is produced in fermentation by oxidation of a dilute ethanol solution. The metabolic process involves conversion by alcohol dehydrogenase of ethanol to acetaldehyde and conversion by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase o...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    The metabolic process leading to citrate accumulation involves (a) breakdown of hexoses to pyruvate and acetyl CoA,(b) the anaplerotic formation of oxaloacetate from pyruvate and CO2,and (c) the accumulation of citrate within the tricarboxylic acid cycle....[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    In various traditional oriental foods (for example koji,miso) the nutrientional value of foodstuff is improved by microbial,usually fungal growth. Wheat or rice bran is a common starting material,and is rendered more digestible,more nutritious and more fl...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Horticultural (與園藝有有的,園藝學(xué)的) practice has long made use of vegetative cloning of plant parts (shoots,leaves,etc. ) for selective and rapid propagation of many plant species. Subsequently,plant tissues such as root tips,cambium (形成層) or plant tumours were f...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Before 1957,L-glutamic acid was produced by the acid hydrolysis of wheat gluten or soybean protein. In 1957,L-glutamic acid-producing microorganisms were isolated and subsequent researches resulted in an economical fermentative process for the production ...[繼續(xù)閱讀]